Did less rotation help Leicester, Manchester City and Chelsea become Premier League champions?
Clubs that stick with the same players achieve greater league success on average, a Sky Sports study has found.
Burnley have fielded the most regular line-up this term and claimed their fourth win of the campaign against Newcastle on Monday to sit seventh in the league - but could consistency be helping Sean Dyche’s men?
We looked at data from the last four seasons to examine the link between team consistency and league success.
Reigning champions Chelsea kept the third most consistent team (1,568) last season but are struggling this term with the ninth most consistent line-up.
Antonio Conte has fielded 20 different players during this campaign, making regular changes to his back three and accommodating new signings.
Our study suggests the Chelsea boss must find and settle on a line-up soon. For instance, while Claudio Ranieri was known as the Tinkerman for rotating his team at Chelsea, the Italian made fewer changes than any other manager during Leicester’s title-winning campaign in 2015/16.
Manchester City also had the most consistent side when they were last crowned champions in 2013/14, with each fielded player averaging 1,632 minutes.
Teams at the bottom of the table are likely to experiment with different players to improve results - but are there benefits to sticking with a regular XI?
On average, in each of the four previous seasons, teams that made fewer changes finished higher in the league - but there have been outliers: most notably Manchester United and Liverpool.
However, it could be argued both teams still underachieved during those respective seasons.
In 2014/15, Manchester United changed their line-up more than any other team but finished fourth in the Premier League. In 2015/16, Liverpool rotated the most and finished eighth in the table.
Last season, United were once again among the top teams for rotating, fielding players for just 1,213 minutes on average - only Watford (1,139) and Sunderland (1,211) had lower averages - but Liverpool were the most consistent.
So, within one season, Liverpool went from having the least regular line-up during Klopp’s first season in charge to being the most unchanged team - and their league position jumped from eighth to fourth.
At the other end of the table, very few clubs have fielded one of the most consistent teams and finished in the bottom half of the table. However, a notable exception was Burnley, who were relegated in 2014/15 with the second most regular line-up.
The graphic below shows the link between line-up consistency and league position for each season since 2013/14.
Manchester City have been the most unchanged Premier League team between the start of 2013/14 and the end of last season - claiming a top-four finish in each season and averaging at 1,551 minutes per player.
Other consistent sides during the four-year period include Leicester (1,492), Burnley (1,477), Tottenham (1,465), Stoke (1,444), West Brom (1,440), Southampton (1,444), Liverpool (1,437) and Chelsea (1,426).
At the opposite end of the scale, Fulham players only averaged 964 minutes during their top-flight season in 2013/14, followed by QPR (1,173) and Cardiff (1,174) - of which, all three were relegated.
Interestingly, Manchester United have only averaged 1,185 minutes per player over the last four years - fewer than any other current top-flight club and nearly 200 minutes fewer than any of the other ‘big six’ clubs.
United have also used 32 players a season on average - behind only Fulham (39), Cardiff and QPR (both 32).
Crystal Palace have used 31 players, followed by Sunderland (30), Watford, Everton, West Ham (each 29), Hull and Newcastle (both 28).
Conversely, Manchester City have only used 24 players per season, followed by Leicester (25), Burnley, Tottenham, Stoke, West Brom and Southampton (each 26).
This season, Burnley have fielded the most consistent line-up with an average of 582 minutes per fielded player, followed by Leicester (550) and Brighton (521).
Interestingly, despite typically being among the most rotated teams, Manchester United are joint with Brighton and Southampton with an average of 521 minutes per fielded player.
Therefore, like Liverpool last season, Jose Mourinho has bucked a long-standing trend at Old Trafford and found a favoured line-up, which also appears to have translated into positive results.
Meanwhile, rock-bottom Crystal Palace have been the least consistent side (396), followed by Watford (410), Everton (429), West Brom and Swansea (both 430).
It’s difficult to determine whether poor results are the catalyst for team changes, or whether team changes are the catalyst for poor results - it’s more likely that the former makes a bigger impact.
However, there appears to be advantages with sticking to a regular XI - epitomised by Leicester’s fairy-tale season in 2015/16 and Burnley this term.
Southampton have won their last four home matches against Burnley in all competitions, including victories in both Premier League games.
Burnley have only won one of their last 16 visits to Southampton in all competitions (D6 L9), a 1-0 win in April 2008 in the Championship via a Steven Caldwell goal.
Seven of the eight goals scored in Premier League meetings between these sides have been scored after half-time, with the exception being Shane Long’s 37th minute strike at St Mary’s in March 2015.
Burnley have already won more away games (2) and more away points (8) this season than they did in the whole of 2016-17 (one win and seven points).
These two sides have seen the fewest goals scored in their Premier League games so far this season – Burnley (18) and Southampton (19 – level with Swansea and Newcastle).
Sean Dyche has lost all four of his trips to St. Mary’s as a manager – three defeats with Burnley and one with Watford in October 2011; a 0-4 defeat which remains his joint-biggest defeat as a manager.
Charlie Austin – who scored 41 goals in 82 league appearances for Burnley between 2011 and 2013 – has been involved in five goals in five league games against the Clarets since leaving (four goals, one assist) and scored a brace in this exact fixture last season.
Former Southampton and current Burnley midfielder Jack Cork has covered 121.1km in the Premier League this season; more than any other player in the competition.
This list will be updated as and when players are selected…
Steven Davis (Northern Ireland): The Saints skipper will lead his country in their World Cup qualification play-off clash with Switzerland, with the home leg on Thursday 9th November before the away game on Sunday 12th November.
Maya Yoshida (Japan): Yoshida has been called up by the Samurai Blue, ahead of a pair of friendly matches in Europe, with Japan facing Brazil (in France) on Friday 10th November and then visiting Belgium on Tuesday 14th November.
Virgil van Dijk & Wesley Hoedt (Netherlands): The World Cup hopes have already ended for the Dutch, so it’s a pair of friendly games for van Dijk and Hoedt, as Netherlands visit Scotland on Thursday 9th November and Romania on Tuesday 14th November. So far, manager Dick Advocaat has only confirmed his preliminary squad.
Jan Bednarek (Poland U21): The Saints defender faces two European Under-21 Championship qualifying games, away to Faroe Islands on Friday 10th November and then home to group leaders Denmark on Tuesday 14th November, with Poland currently second.
Dušan Tadić (Serbia): World Cup qualification is assured for Serbia already, so it’s a pair of friendly games for Tadić, as his country visit China on Thursday 9th November, before travelling to face South Korea on Tuesday 14th November.
Sofiane Boufal (Morocco): The Saints playmaker is back in the Morocco squad for a huge World Cup qualifier away to Ivory Coast, on Saturday 11th November. A point or better for Morocco will see them top the group and book a place in the 2018 finals, but a defeat will see Ivory Coast advance to Russia instead.
Shane Long (Republic of Ireland): Long is in the provisional squad ahead of Ireland’s World Cup qualifying play-off with Denmark. The Irish visit Copenhagen on Saturday 11th November for the first leg, before the teams head to Dublin on Tuesday 14th November.
Ryan Bertrand (England): After England secured their passage to the World Cup finals in Russia, they now face two tough friendlies to enhance their preparations. They face Germany on Friday 10th November at Wembley, before facing Brazil four days later on Tuesday 14th November at the same venue.